Health Benefits Of Apples And Apple Products: Research Highlights
Breast Cancer
Numerous lab and animal studies published by Cornell University researchers between 2005 and 2008 add additional evidence that an apple a day – as well as daily helpings of other fruits and vegetables – may be protective against breast cancer. In one of the most recent studies, Cornell researchers reported that fresh apple extract significantly inhibited the size of mammary tumors in rats, noting that the more extract the rats were given, the greater the inhibition.
Liu, J.R. et al., Fresh apples suppress mammary carcinogenesis and proliferative activity and induce apoptosis in mammary tumors of the Sprague Dawley rat. J Agric Food Chem, 2009. 57(1): p. 297-30.
He, X.J., Liu, R.H. Phytochemicals of Apple Peels: Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Their Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008. 56 (21): 9905–9910.
Sun, J., R. Liu, Apple phytochemical extracts inhibit proliferation of estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent human breast cancer cells through cell cycle modulation. J Agric Food Chem, 2008. (56): 24.
He, X.J., Liu, R.H. Triterpenoids isolated from apple peels have potent antiproliferative activity and may be partially responsible for apple’s anticancer activity. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55 (11): 4366-4370, 2007 (Online 5/8/07).
Yoon, H., Liu, R.H. Effect of selected phytochemicals and apple extracts on NF–kB activation in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55 (8): 3167-3173, 2007 (Online 3/21/07).
Liu, R.H., Liu, J., Chen, B. Apples prevent mammary tumors in rats. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53 (6):2341-2343, 2005.